Latin
Lines 1.56-1.83
Virginia Certamen Questions, All Four Rounds 1.56-83
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Bonus: Which Sabine king ruled briefly with Romulus? TITUS TATIUS
20) Toss-Up: Give the Latin and English for the abbreviation R. I. P. REQUIESCAT IN PACE -MAY HE REST IN PEACE
Bonus: What use of the subjunctive is this? OPTATIVE or HORTATORY or JUSSIVE
ROUND 2
1) Toss-Up: We use the word "arena" for what a Roman would call an amphitheater. What did arena or harena mean to the Romans? SAND (AS IN THE FLOOR OF THE AMPHITHEATER)
Bonus: For the Romans, which was larger and more ornate: a circus or stadium ? CIRCUS
2) Toss-Up: Give the correct form of the relative pronoun in this sentence: Certamen ,which is very competitive, is popular in Virginia. QUOD
Bonus: Every year there are several certamina in which we can participate. Give the coorect form of the relative pronoun. (IN) QUIBUS
3) Toss-Up: Who sent Jason to fetch the golden fleece? PELIAS
Bonus: Jason had to fetch the golden fleece (and some say avenge the murder of Phrixus) in order to regain the throne from Pelias who had murdered Jason's father. Name him. NELEUS
4) Toss-Up: What year was called the "year of the four emperors"? AD 69
Bonus: What dynasties ruled directly before and after that tumultuous year? JULIO-CLAUDIAN and FLAVIAN
5) Toss-Up: What did the Romans call the Black Sea? PONTUS EUXINUS
Bonus: What do we know as the Mare Germanicum ? NORTH SEA
6) Toss-Up: What editor's or proof-reader's mark was is used to cancel a deletion or other change previously made to a manuscript or proof? STET
Bonus: What does this term mean? "LET IT STAND"
7) Toss-Up: Identify the common bond: far, camillus, pronuba . CONFARREATIO WEDDING
Bonus: What was the meaning of feliciter ,shouted at the wedding party as they paraded home? GOOD LUCK or HAPPINESS
8) Toss-Up: Errare humanum est . Why is humanum neuter? INFINITIVES ARE INHERENTLY NEUTER AND TAKE A NEUTER PREDICATE
Bonus: The little-known correct completion of this phrase is "To correct is divine." Is this use of the infinitive subjective, objective, or complementary? SUBJECTIVE
9) Toss-Up: One who withstands all kinds of adversity and seemingly endless delays is said to have the patience of what female character from Homer's Odyssey ? PENELOPE