Latin
Lines 1.21-1.37
Virginia Certamen Questions, All Four Rounds 1.21-37
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9) Toss-Up: Why was Styx, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, rewarded by being made a river by which the gods swear unbreakable oaths? FOR COMING TO ZEUS' AID WHEN THE TITANS ATTACKED
Bonus: One of the daughters of Styx was named Nike. Of what was Nike the goddess? VICTORY
10) Toss-Up: What is the difference in meaning between cum ,dum ,and tum ? CUM -"WITH OR WHEN, SINCE, ALTHOUGH" and DUM -"WHILE, UNTIL" and TUM -"THEN"
Bonus: What about aut and autem ? AUT -"OR" and AUTEM -"HOWEVER"
11) Toss-Up: Identify the common bond: Curiata, Centuriata, Tributa. COMITIA (accept ASSEMBLIES)
Bonus: Which comitium met to confer imperium on a consul or praetor ? CURIATA
12) Toss-Up: When Philip of Macedon wrote to the magistrates of Sparta he said "If I enter your territory, I will level Sparta to the ground." The Spartans simply replied, "If." Is the Spartan response an example of laconic, stentorian, or thersitical speech? LACONIC
Bonus: What is stentotian speech? LOUD or BOOMING
13) Toss-Up: What was the flamen Dialis ? PRIEST OF JUPITER
Bonus: What about the flamen Quirinalis ? PRIEST OF QUIRINUS, THE DEIFIED ROMULUS
14) Toss-Up: In what year was Catiline killed in battle? 62 BC
Bonus: In what town located "in faucibus Etruriae "did he keep his Manlian camp? FAESULAE or FIESOLE
15) Toss-Up: Today's date is March 30th. Express that date as a first century AD Roman would understand it (you may use the appropriate abbreviations). a. d. III Kal. Apr.
Bonus: The year is AD 1996. Express that as a Roman would understand it A.U. C. MMDCCXLIX
16) Toss-Up: Identify the common bond: Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. THE FATES
Bonus: Identify the common bond: Pemphredo, Enyo, and Deino. THE GRAIAE
17) Toss-Up: Name, in order, the seven kings of Rome. ROM. ,NUM. POMP. ,T. HOST. ,ANC. MARC. ,TARQ. PRIS. ,SERV. TULL. ,and TARQ. SUP.