# Finals 1.1-23

Virginia Certamen Questions, Finals, Lines 1.1-1.23. Latin.

Canonical: https://interlinea.aeterna-institute.org/library/latin/virginia-certamen-questions/finals-5/1.1

2. When Caesar defeated Pharnaces in one day at the Battle of Zela in 47 B.C., he made a famous statement of only three words. Give the Latin and English of this famous quotation. Veni, vidi, vici ­I came, I saw, I conquered
Bonus 1: Make Caesar's original phrase 3rd person plural. Venerunt, viderunt, vicerunt
Bonus2: Give Caesar's original phrase in the future tense. Veniam, videbo, vincam
3. What famous dictator was in his fields plowing when he found that he had been appointed to save Rome from the enemy? Cincinnatus
Bonus 1: After Cincinnatus rescued the Roman army, he forced the enemy to surrender and made them undergo what humiliating Italic custom? Walking under the yoke/subjugation
Bonus 2: How long was Cincinnatus dictator before he returned to his farm? 16 days
4. Roman baths were very popular, and there was much more to going to the baths than just getting clean. For instance, what would Romans often do in the palaestra at the baths? Exercise
Bonus 1: What was the name for the heating system of pipes under floors and behind walls? hypocausts
Bonus 2: What was the name of the hot room? caldarium
5. Another name for the dictator in early Roman times was magister populi . What does that phrase mean? Master of the people
Bonus 1: Every dictator appointed an assistant called the magister equitum . What does that mean? Master of the horse/cavalry
Bonus 2: What types of genitives are seen in these phrases? Objective genitive
6. When Julius Caesar was given a perpetual dictatorship in February of 44 B.C. he probably expected that he would hold this office for years to come. How long did he actually hold it? About one month
Bonus 1: When Julius Caesar had functioned as dictator in 48 and 47 B.C., he sent his magister equitum to calm things down in Italy. This man is the one we usually think of as Caesar's right hand and was the Lupercus who offered Caesar the diadem in 44 B.C. Who was he? Marcus Antonius / Marc Antony
Bonus 2: A different man became a magister equitum in 44 B.C., while Antony was appointed flamen . The two men were later mortal enemies. Who was this magister equitum ? Octavian

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Virginia Certamen Questions, Finals. Text: The Latin Library (thelatinlibrary.com), used with permission. Changes: HTML markup removed and the text divided into reading sections by Interlinea.
License: Used with permission (https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/about.html). Source: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/certamen/afa2001.1.finals.html.