# Round One 1.23-44

Virginia Certamen Questions, Round One, Lines 1.23-1.44. Latin.

Canonical: https://interlinea.aeterna-institute.org/library/latin/virginia-certamen-questions/round-one-2/1.23

7. Even love has its limits. What Roman emperor caused a great scandal by marrying his niece (forbidden under Roman law). Claudius.
Bonus: What was the name of this niece, the mother of Nero? Agrippina (the Younger).
8. Just as today, parents in the ancient word loved their children and wanted to protect them. What did they put around their necks to ward off evil spirits? Bulla.
Bonus: To protect them on the way to school, who would the parents send with their children? Paedagogus (if “slave” as to be more specific).
9. What was special about the toga candida ? It denoted running for office / it was rubbed with chalk to make it white.
Bonus: What material was the toga made from? Wool ( lana ).
10. Who were Helen of Troy’s twin brothers, sons of Leda who were said to live half their time on earth, half in Heaven? Castor and Pollux.
Bonus: By what Latin word, meaning twins, were these brothers known? Gemini.
11. What famous Thracian led the slave revolt in 73 B.C.? Spartacus.
Bonus: What happened in the end to the slaves who were captured when Spartacus was finally defeated by Crassus? They were crucified (if “executed” ask to be more specific).
12. Using an enclitic particle, say in Latin “the boy and girl”. puer puellaque.
Bonus: Now make that plural. pueri puellaeque.
13. We are the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, patron goddesses of the fine arts. The Muses.
Bonus: Which of them was the Muse of epic poetry? Calliope.
14. The First Triumvirate was formed in 60 B.C. to run the affairs of Rome according to the wishes of three men. Who were they? Pompey, Caesar, Crassus.

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Virginia Certamen Questions, Round One. Text: The Latin Library (thelatinlibrary.com), used with permission. Changes: HTML markup removed and the text divided into reading sections by Interlinea.
License: Used with permission (https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/about.html). Source: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/certamen/afa2002.1.1.html.