# Round One 1.20-44

Virginia Certamen Questions, Round One, Lines 1.20-1.44. Latin.

Canonical: https://interlinea.aeterna-institute.org/library/latin/virginia-certamen-questions/round-one-3/1.20

7. Even love has its limits. What Roman emperor caused a great scandal by marrying his niece (forbidden under Roman law). Claudius.
Bonus: What was the name of this niece, the mother of Nero? Agrippina.
8. Just as today, parents in the ancient word loved their children and wanted to protect them. What did they put around their necks to ward off evil spirits? Bulla.
Bonus: To protect them on the way to school, who would the parents send with their children? Paedagogus.
9. What was special about the toga candida ? It denoted running for office / it was rubbed with chalk to make it white.
Bonus: What material was the toga made from? Wool ( lana ).
10. Who were Helen of Troy’s twin brothers, sons of Leda who were said to live half their time on earth, half in Heaven? Castor and Pollux.
Bonus: By what Latin word, meaning twins, were these brothers known? Gemini.
11. What famous Thracian led the slave revolt in 73 B.C.? Spartacus.
Bonus: What general was responsibile for Spartacus’ defeat, even though Pompey did try to steal the glory? Crassus.
12. Using an enclitic particle, say in Latin “the men and women”. vir feminaque.
Bonus: Now make that plural. viri feiminaeque.
13. We are the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, patron goddesses of the fine arts. The Muses.
Bonus: Which of them was the Muse of history? Clio.
14. Please list in the order that they died the members of the First Triumvirate. Crassus, Pompey, Caesar.
Bonus: Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate? Octavian (Augustus), Antony, Lepidus.
15. Translate the following sentence: Puella puerque in villa pugnabant . The girl and boy were fighting in the farmhouse (villa).

---

Virginia Certamen Questions, Round One. Text: The Latin Library (thelatinlibrary.com), used with permission. Changes: HTML markup removed and the text divided into reading sections by Interlinea.
License: Used with permission (https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/about.html). Source: https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/certamen/afa2002.2.1.html.