In the reader every word takes the colour of its case. These pages say what each colour means, what the case does and how to spot it, with real lines from the library to show it at work.
Topics The nominative The Greek nominative names the subject and the word that renames it after εἰμί. How to spot it, and how the article helps, with lines from John and Aesop. The genitive The Greek genitive covers “of” and “from”: possession, the whole a part belongs to, prepositions and the genitive absolute. Real lines from John and Aesop. The dative The Greek dative marks to whom or for whom, and also by what means and where. Its uses and endings, with real lines from Aesop, John and Homer. The accusative The Greek accusative marks the direct object, motion towards after εἰς and πρός, and the subject of an infinitive. Real lines from Homer, Aesop and John. The vocative The Greek vocative is the case of address, often after ὦ: ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι. How it differs from the nominative, with real lines from Homer and Plato. Agreement How Greek articles, adjectives and participles agree with their nouns in case, number and gender, and how the article frames a phrase, shown in real lines. Word order Why a Greek adjective can stand far from its noun, as in the Odyssey’s first line: the endings carry the grammar, so order is free for emphasis. To see a word at work across many lines, try the Greek words .
Reading Latin too? Latin grammar guide