Greek pronoun, adjective and determiner
πᾶς
πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν
πᾶς is a Greek pronoun, adjective and determiner. In the 10 analysed lines it was read in, it means “all” (4 times), “all things” (2 times), “of all” (2 times) and “everything” (once).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from πᾶς to the words it goes with.
πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν.
All things came into being through him, and without him not even one thing came into being.
πάντα: subject of ἐγένετο.
ἐπειδὴ δέ μοι παιδίον γίγνεται, ἐπίστευον ἤδη καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐκείνῃ παρέδωκα, ἡγούμενος ταύτην οἰκειότητα μεγίστην εἶναι·
But since a child was born to me, I now trusted her and handed over all my belongings to her, believing this to be the greatest bond of kinship.
πάντα: object of παρέδωκα.
Κῦρον δὲ μεταπέμπεται ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἧς αὐτὸν σατράπην ἐποίησε, καὶ στρατηγὸν δὲ αὐτὸν ἀπέδειξε πάντων ὅσοι ἐς Καστωλοῦ πεδίον ἁθροίζονται.
But he sends for Cyrus from the province of which he had made him satrap, and he also appointed him general of all who were gathering into the plain of Castolus.
πάντων: points out ἀπέδειξε.
…ἁνδάνουσα μὲν φυγῇ πολιτῶν ὧν ἀφίκετο χθόνα, αὐτή τε πάντα ξυμφέρουσ’ Ἰάσονι
Nor would she now be living in this Corinthian land with her husband and children, having persuaded the daughters of Pelias to kill their father, pleasing the citizens to whose land she came in exile, and herself agreeing with Jason in everything.
πάντα: object of ξυμφέρουσ’.
…προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δ’ ἐτελείετο βουλή, ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα…
Sing, goddess, the wrath of Achilles, son of Peleus, a destructive wrath, which placed countless pains upon the Achaeans, and sent forth many valiant souls of heroes to Hades, and made their bodies a prey for dogs and all birds—and the will of Zeus was accomplished—from the moment when first the son of Atreus, lord of men, and godlike Achilles, stood apart in quarrel.
πᾶσι: describes οἰωνοῖσί.
…δ’ ἄκουαι, †έκαδε μ’ ἴδρως ψῦχρος κακχέεται†, τρόμος δὲ παῖσαν ἄγρει, χλωροτέρα δὲ ποίας ἔμμι, τεθνάκην δ’ ὀλίγω ’πιδεύης…
For whenever I look at you even briefly, I can no longer speak at all; my tongue is broken, a subtle fire at once runs beneath my skin, my eyes see nothing, my ears hum, cold sweat pours down me, trembling seizes me all over, I am paler than grass, and I seem to myself little short of dying.
παῖσαν: object of ἄγρει.
…ὅτι ἀκμάζοντές τε ᾖσαν ἐς αὐτὸν ἀμφότεροι παρασκευῇ τῇ πάσῃ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικὸν ὁρῶν ξυνιστάμενον πρὸς ἑκατέρους, τὸ…
Thucydides the Athenian wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, how they waged war against each other, beginning immediately at its outbreak and expecting that it would be both great and the most worthy of record of previous wars, judging that both sides were at their peak going into it with all their resources, and seeing the rest of the Greek world assembling with each side, some immediately, others also intending to do so.
πάσῃ: points out παρασκευῇ.
ἐν μὲν οὖν τῷ πρώτῳ χρόνῳ, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, πασῶν ἦν βελτίστη·
Therefore, in the first period, O Athenians, she was the best of all.
πασῶν: goes with βελτίστη (“of …”).
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| πάντα | Accusative · Plural · Neuter | 3 |
| παῖσαν | Accusative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| πάντα | Nominative · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| πάντων | Genitive · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| πάντων | Genitive · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| πάσῃ | Dative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| πᾶσι | Dative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| πασῶν | Genitive · Plural · Feminine | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to πᾶς by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the accusativeThe Greek accusative marks the direct object, motion towards after εἰς and πρός, and the subject of an infinitive. Real lines from Homer, Aesop and John.
- About the nominativeThe Greek nominative names the subject and the word that renames it after εἰμί. How to spot it, and how the article helps, with lines from John and Aesop.
- About the genitiveThe Greek genitive covers “of” and “from”: possession, the whole a part belongs to, prepositions and the genitive absolute. Real lines from John and Aesop.
- About the dativeThe Greek dative marks to whom or for whom, and also by what means and where. Its uses and endings, with real lines from Aesop, John and Homer.
- About agreementHow Greek articles, adjectives and participles agree with their nouns in case, number and gender, and how the article frames a phrase, shown in real lines.
- About word orderWhy a Greek adjective can stand far from its noun, as in the Odyssey’s first line: the endings carry the grammar, so order is free for emphasis.