Latin determiner and pronoun
hic
hic, haec, hoc
hic is a Latin determiner and pronoun. In the 12 analysed lines it was read in, it means “these” (5 times), “this” (4 times), “of these” (2 times) and “these things” (2 times).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from hic to the words it goes with.
Haec narrantur a poetis de Perseo.
These things are told by the poets concerning Perseus.
Haec: subject of the passive narrantur.
“Ante hos sex menses male,” ait, “dixisti mihi.”
“Before these six months, you spoke ill to me,” he said.
hos: points out menses.
Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt.
All these differ from one another in language, institutions, and laws.
Hi: subject of differunt.
Condita civitate, quam ex nomine suo Romam vocavit, haec fere egit.
After founding the city, which he called Rome from his own name, he accomplished these things, more or less.
haec: object of egit.
Persuade tibi hoc sic esse, ut scribo: quaedam tempora eripiuntur nobis, quaedam subducuntur, quaedam effluunt.
Persuade yourself that this is so, as I write: certain times are snatched from us, certain times are stolen, certain times flow away.
hoc: subject of esse.
Id ego iusiurandum patri datum usque ad hanc aetatem ita conservavi, ut nemini dubium esse debeat, quin…
I have so preserved that oath given to my father up to this age, that it ought to be doubtful to no one that I will be of the same mind for the remaining time.”
hanc: points out aetatem.
…vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora voltusque moverunt
Has the nightly garrison on the Palatine not moved you at all, nor the watches of the city, nor the people's fear, nor the gathering of all good men, nor this strongly fortified place for holding the senate, nor the faces and expressions of these men?
hic: points out locus.
Haec omnia oppida urbem cingunt.
All these towns encircle the city.
Haec: points out oppida.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| horum | Genitive · Plural · Masculine | 3 |
| haec | Nominative · Plural · Neuter | 2 |
| haec | Accusative · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| haec | Nominative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| hanc | Accusative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| hi | Nominative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| hic | Nominative · Singular · Masculine | 1 |
| his | Ablative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| hoc | Nominative · Singular · Neuter | 1 |
| hos | Accusative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to hic by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the genitiveThe Latin genitive ties one noun to another, where English says “of” or adds ’s. Its uses and endings, with real lines from the story of Perseus and Genesis.
- About the nominativeThe Latin nominative names the subject of a verb, and whatever renames the subject after sum. How to spot it, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About the accusativeThe Latin accusative marks the direct object and follows prepositions of motion such as ad and in. Uses and endings, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About the ablativeThe Latin ablative says by what, with what, from where and in what respect. Its main uses and endings, with real lines from Caesar, Genesis and Eutropius.
- About agreementHow Latin adjectives, pronouns and participles agree with their nouns in case, number and gender, and why that lets them stand apart. With real lines.
- About word orderWhy a Latin adjective can sit far from its noun: the endings carry the grammar, so writers order words for emphasis. Lines from Virgil, Cicero and Horace.