Latin verb
sum
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus
sum is a Latin verb. In the 25 analysed lines it was read in, it means “was” (7 times), “to be” (4 times), “is” (3 times) and “are” (2 times).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from sum to the words it goes with.
“Equidem natus non eram.”
For my part, I had not been born.
eram: the main verb of the sentence.
Ut melius, quidquid erit, pati.
So that you may better endure whatever it will be.
erit: clause acting as the subject of pati.
Perseus filius erat Iovis, maximi deorum;
Perseus was the son of Jupiter, the greatest of the gods.
erat: the main verb of the sentence.
Erat Miseni classemque imperio praesens regebat.
He was at Misenum and personally commanded the fleet by his authority.
Erat: the main verb of the sentence.
Sed veteris populi Romani prospera vel adversa claris scriptoribus memorata sunt;
But the prosperous or adverse fortunes of the ancient Roman people have been recorded by famous writers;
sunt: helper verb with memorata.
Soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda.
Suns are able to set and rise again: for us, when once the brief light has set, there is one perpetual night to be slept through.
est: linking verb for dormienda.
Persuade tibi hoc sic esse, ut scribo: quaedam tempora eripiuntur nobis, quaedam subducuntur, quaedam effluunt.
Persuade yourself that this is so, as I write: certain times are snatched from us, certain times are stolen, certain times flow away.
esse: clause completing Persuade.
Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi: et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas.
But the earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God was carried over the waters.
erat: linking verb for inanis.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| est | 3rd person · Singular · Present · Indicative · Active | 7 |
| erat | 3rd person · Singular · Imperfect · Indicative · Active | 4 |
| esse | Present · Infinitive | 3 |
| sunt | 3rd person · Plural · Present · Indicative · Active | 3 |
| est | 3rd person · Singular · Present · Indicative | 2 |
| eram | 1st person · Singular · Imperfect · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| erant | 3rd person · Plural · Imperfect · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| erit | 3rd person · Singular · Future · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| esset | 3rd person · Singular · Imperfect · Subjunctive | 1 |
| est | 3rd person · Singular · Perfect · Indicative | 1 |
| fore | Future · Infinitive | 1 |
| fueris | 2nd person · Singular · Perfect · Subjunctive · Active | 1 |
| fuisse | Perfect · Infinitive | 1 |
| futurus | Nominative · Singular · Masculine · Future active participle | 1 |
| sim | 1st person · Singular · Present · Subjunctive | 1 |
| sunt | 3rd person · Plural · Present · Indicative | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to sum by an arc in these lines, most often first.