Latin pronoun and determiner
quī
quī, quae, quod
quī is a Latin pronoun and determiner. In the 19 analysed lines it was read in, it means “which” (11 times), “who” (4 times), “of which” (2 times) and “whose” (2 times).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from quī to the words it goes with.
“Qui possum, quaeso, facere, quod quereris, lupe?
Who can I do, please, what you complain about, wolf?
quod: introduces the clause of quereris.
Condita civitate, quam ex nomine suo Romam vocavit, haec fere egit.
After founding the city, which he called Rome from his own name, he accomplished these things, more or less.
quam: object of vocavit.
poscit soleas, ascendit locum ex quo maxime miraculum illud conspici poterat.
He demands sandals, he climbs to the place from which that wonder could be seen especially well.
quo: object of the preposition ex; the phrase goes with conspici.
Quae divina res dum conficiebatur, quaesivit a me vellemne secum in castra proficisci.
While this divine matter was being concluded, he asked me whether I wanted to set out with him into the camp.
Quae: points out res.
vindica te tibi, et tempus, quod adhuc aut auferebatur aut subripiebatur aut excidebat, collige et serva.
Reclaim yourself for yourself, and gather and preserve the time which up to now was either being carried away or being stolen or slipping away.
quod: subject of the passive auferebatur.
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.
Gaul as a whole is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgians inhabit, the Aquitanians another, and those who are called Celts in their own language, Gauls in ours, inhabit the third.
quarum: goes with unam (“of …”).
Seu pluris hiemes seu tribuit Iuppiter ultimam, quae nunc oppositis debilitat pumicibus mare Tyrrhenum: sapias, vina liques…
Whether Jupiter grants more winters or this one as the last, which now weakens the Tyrrhenian sea with opposing rocks: be wise, strain your wines, and cut back long hope for a short span.
quae: subject of debilitat.
…in Caesarem, Lepidi atque Antonii arma in Augustum cessere, qui cuncta discordiis civilibus fessa nomine principis sub imperium accepit
And the power of Pompey and Crassus quickly passed to Caesar, and the arms of Lepidus and Antony passed to Augustus, who received all things exhausted by civil discords under his rule under the name of princeps.
qui: subject of accepit.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| quae | Nominative · Singular · Feminine | 3 |
| qui | Nominative · Plural · Masculine | 3 |
| quam | Accusative · Singular · Feminine | 2 |
| qui | Nominative · Singular · Masculine | 2 |
| quod | Nominative · Singular · Neuter | 2 |
| cuius | Genitive · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| qua | Ablative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| quae | Nominative · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| quarum | Genitive · Plural · Feminine | 1 |
| quem | Accusative · Singular · Neuter | 1 |
| quibuscum | Ablative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| quo | Ablative · Singular · Neuter | 1 |
| quo | Ablative · Singular · Masculine | 1 |
| quod | Nominative · Singular | 1 |
| quorum | Genitive · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| quorum | Genitive · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| quos | Accusative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to quī by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the nominativeThe Latin nominative names the subject of a verb, and whatever renames the subject after sum. How to spot it, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About the accusativeThe Latin accusative marks the direct object and follows prepositions of motion such as ad and in. Uses and endings, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About the genitiveThe Latin genitive ties one noun to another, where English says “of” or adds ’s. Its uses and endings, with real lines from the story of Perseus and Genesis.
- About the ablativeThe Latin ablative says by what, with what, from where and in what respect. Its main uses and endings, with real lines from Caesar, Genesis and Eutropius.
- About agreementHow Latin adjectives, pronouns and participles agree with their nouns in case, number and gender, and why that lets them stand apart. With real lines.
- About word orderWhy a Latin adjective can sit far from its noun: the endings carry the grammar, so writers order words for emphasis. Lines from Virgil, Cicero and Horace.