Greek pronoun
σύ
σύ is a Greek pronoun. In the 4 analysed lines it was read in, it means “you” (3 times) and “to you” (once).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from σύ to the words it goes with.
Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα·
What you, O men of Athens, have suffered from my accusers, I do not know.
ὑμεῖς: subject of πεπόνθατε.
Φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν ἔμμεν’ ὤνηρ, ὄττις ἐνάντιός τοι ἰσδάνει καὶ πλάσιον ἆδυ φωνείσας ὐπακούει καὶ γελαίσας ἰμέροεν…
That man seems to me to be equal to the gods, whoever sits facing you and listens close by to you speaking sweetly and laughing charmingly, which truly set the heart in my breast fluttering.
τοι: indirect object of ἐνάντιός, to or for whom it is done.
…πολλῶν ὧν ἐψεύσαντο, τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἔλεγον ὡς χρῆν ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι μὴ ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν
But most of all I marveled at one of their many lies, this one in which they said that it was necessary for you to be wary lest you be deceived by me, as though I were skilled in speaking.
ὑμᾶς: subject of εὐλαβεῖσθαι.
ὠς γὰρ ἔς σ’ ἴδω βρόχε’, ὤς με φώναισ’ οὐδ’ ἒν ἔτ’ εἴκει…
For whenever I look at you even briefly, I can no longer speak at all; my tongue is broken, a subtle fire at once runs beneath my skin, my eyes see nothing, my ears hum, cold sweat pours down me, trembling seizes me all over, I am paler than grass, and I seem to myself little short of dying.
σ’: object of the preposition ἔς; the phrase goes with ἴδω.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| σ’ | Accusative · Singular | 1 |
| τοι | Dative · Singular | 1 |
| ὑμᾶς | Accusative · Plural | 1 |
| ὑμεῖς | Nominative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to σύ by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the accusativeThe Greek accusative marks the direct object, motion towards after εἰς and πρός, and the subject of an infinitive. Real lines from Homer, Aesop and John.
- About the dativeThe Greek dative marks to whom or for whom, and also by what means and where. Its uses and endings, with real lines from Aesop, John and Homer.
- About the nominativeThe Greek nominative names the subject and the word that renames it after εἰμί. How to spot it, and how the article helps, with lines from John and Aesop.