Greek verb
εἰμί
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν
εἰμί is a Greek verb. In the 16 analysed lines it was read in, it means “was” (8 times), “to be” (5 times), “it was” (3 times) and “being” (once).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from εἰμί to the words it goes with.
“ὄμφακές εἰσιν.”
"They are sour grapes."
εἰσιν: linking verb for ὄμφακές.
Καὶ ὁ Βορέας ἀρξάμενος σφοδρὸς ἦν·
And Boreas, having begun, was fierce.
ἦν: the main verb of the sentence.
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
ἦν: the main verb of the sentence.
…χρῆν ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι μὴ ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν
But most of all I marveled at one of their many lies, this one in which they said that it was necessary for you to be wary lest you be deceived by me, as though I were skilled in speaking.
ὄντος: clause explaining ἐξαπατηθῆτε.
Φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν ἔμμεν’ ὤνηρ, ὄττις ἐνάντιός τοι ἰσδάνει καὶ πλάσιον ἆδυ φωνείσας…
That man seems to me to be equal to the gods, whoever sits facing you and listens close by to you speaking sweetly and laughing charmingly, which truly set the heart in my breast fluttering.
ἔμμεν’: completes Φαίνεταί.
…οὕτω διεκείμην ὥστε μήτε λυπεῖν μήτε λίαν ἐπ’ ἐκείνῃ εἶναι ὅ τι ἂν ἐθέλῃ ποιεῖν, ἐφύλαττόν τε ὡς οἷόν…
For I, O Athenians, since it seemed good to me to marry and I brought a wife into the house, for all the other time I behaved so as neither to grieve nor to be overly dependent on her to do whatever she might wish, and I kept watch as much as was possible, and I paid attention as was fitting.
εἶναι: joined with λυπεῖν.
…πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἀρξάμενος εὐθὺς καθισταμένου καὶ ἐλπίσας μέγαν τε ἔσεσθαι καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον τῶν προγεγενημένων, τεκμαιρόμενος ὅτι ἀκμάζοντές τε ᾖσαν…
Thucydides the Athenian wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, how they waged war against each other, beginning immediately at its outbreak and expecting that it would be both great and the most worthy of record of previous wars, judging that both sides were at their peak going into it with all their resources, and seeing the rest of the Greek world assembling with each side, some immediately, others also intending to do so.
ἔσεσθαι: completes ἐλπίσας.
Οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν.
This one was in the beginning with God.
ἦν: the main verb of the sentence.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| ἦν | 3rd person · Singular · Imperfect · Indicative · Active | 11 |
| εἶναι | Present · Active · Infinitive | 4 |
| εἰσιν | 3rd person · Plural · Present · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| ἔμμεν’ | Present · Active · Infinitive | 1 |
| ἔμμι | 1st person · Singular · Present · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| ἔσεσθαι | Future · Active · Infinitive | 1 |
| ἐστι | 3rd person · Singular · Present · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| ᾖσαν | 3rd person · Plural · Imperfect · Indicative · Active | 1 |
| ὄντος | Genitive · Singular · Masculine · Present active participle | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to εἰμί by an arc in these lines, most often first.