Greek preposition
ὑπό
ὑπό is a Greek preposition. In the 5 analysed lines it was read in, it means “by”.
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from ὑπό to the words it goes with.
Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα·
What you, O men of Athens, have suffered from my accusers, I do not know.
ὑπὸ: preposition taking κατηγόρων.
Ὁ δὲ, ὑπὸ τοῦ ψύχους καταπονούμενος ἔτι μᾶλλον, καὶ περιττοτέραν ἐσθῆτα προσελάμβανεν, ἕως ἀποκαμὼν ὁ Βορέας τῷ Ἡλίῳ μετὰ τοῦτο παρέδωκε.
He, more and more exhausted by the cold, even more, took on an extra cloak, until, having grown tired, Boreas handed him over to Helios afterwards.
ὑπὸ: preposition taking ψύχους.
ἐγὼ δ’ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπ’ αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην, οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον.
So I myself, under their influence, almost forgot myself, so persuasively did they speak.
ὑπ’: preposition taking αὐτῶν.
…τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἔλεγον ὡς χρῆν ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι μὴ ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε ὡς δεινοῦ ὄντος λέγειν
But most of all I marveled at one of their many lies, this one in which they said that it was necessary for you to be wary lest you be deceived by me, as though I were skilled in speaking.
ὑπ’: preposition taking ἐμοῦ.
τὸ γὰρ μὴ αἰσχυνθῆναι ὅτι αὐτίκα ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ ἐξελεγχθήσονται ἔργῳ, ἐπειδὰν μηδ’ ὁπωστιοῦν φαίνωμαι δεινὸς λέγειν…
For that they were not ashamed that they would immediately be refuted by me in deed, when I did not appear to be clever at speaking in any way at all, this seemed to me the most shameless thing of theirs, unless perhaps these people call 'clever at speaking' the one who speaks the truth.
ὑπ’: preposition taking ἐμοῦ.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| ὑπ’ | Preposition | 3 |
| ὑπὸ | Preposition | 2 |
Words it goes with
Joined to ὑπό by an arc in these lines, most often first.