Greek pronoun
αὐτός
αὐτός, -ή, -ό
αὐτός is a Greek pronoun. In the 18 analysed lines it was read in, it means “him” (6 times), “of them” (5 times), “it” (2 times) and “them” (2 times).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from αὐτός to the words it goes with.
πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν.
All things came into being through him, and without him not even one thing came into being.
αὐτοῦ: object of the preposition δι’; the phrase goes with ἐγένετο.
ἐγὼ δ’ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπ’ αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην, οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον.
So I myself, under their influence, almost forgot myself, so persuasively did they speak.
αὐτὸς: renames ἐγὼ.
ἔδοξε δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐκείνῳ τὴν νίκην ἀπονεῖμαι, ὃς ἂν αὐτῶν ἄνθρωπον ὁδοιπόρον ἐκδύσῃ.
It seemed good to them to assign the victory to him, whichever of them should strip a traveling man.
αὐτοῖς: indirect object of ἔδοξε, to or for whom it is done.
αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο, νήπιοι, οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο ἤσθιον·
For they perished through their own recklessness, fools who devoured the cattle of Hyperion Helios.
αὐτῶν: goes with ἀτασθαλίῃσιν (“of …”).
Ἀλώπηξ λιμώττουσα ὡς ἐθεάσατο ἐπί τινος ἀναδενδράδος βότρυας κρεμαμένους, ἠβουλήθη αὐτῶν περιγενέσθαι, καὶ οὐκ ἡδύνατο·
A fox, being hungry, when she saw grapes hanging on a certain vine, wished to get possession of them, but she could not.
αὐτῶν: object of περιγενέσθαι.
Κῦρον δὲ μεταπέμπεται ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἧς αὐτὸν σατράπην ἐποίησε, καὶ στρατηγὸν δὲ αὐτὸν ἀπέδειξε πάντων ὅσοι ἐς Καστωλοῦ πεδίον ἁθροίζονται.
But he sends for Cyrus from the province of which he had made him satrap, and he also appointed him general of all who were gathering into the plain of Castolus.
αὐτὸν: object of ἐποίησε.
…καὶ τέκνοισιν, ἁνδάνουσα μὲν φυγῇ πολιτῶν ὧν ἀφίκετο χθόνα, αὐτή τε πάντα ξυμφέρουσ’ Ἰάσονι
Nor would she now be living in this Corinthian land with her husband and children, having persuaded the daughters of Pelias to kill their father, pleasing the citizens to whose land she came in exile, and herself agreeing with Jason in everything.
αὐτή: subject of ξυμφέρουσ’.
…ἄλγε’ ἔθηκε, πολλὰς δ’ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δ’…
Sing, goddess, the wrath of Achilles, son of Peleus, a destructive wrath, which placed countless pains upon the Achaeans, and sent forth many valiant souls of heroes to Hades, and made their bodies a prey for dogs and all birds—and the will of Zeus was accomplished—from the moment when first the son of Atreus, lord of men, and godlike Achilles, stood apart in quarrel.
αὐτοὺς: object of τεῦχε.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| αὐτῶν | Genitive · Plural · Masculine | 7 |
| αὐτὸν | Accusative · Singular · Masculine | 4 |
| αὐτοῦ | Genitive · Singular · Masculine | 2 |
| αὐτῷ | Dative · Singular · Masculine | 2 |
| αὔται | Dative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| αὐτή | Nominative · Singular · Feminine | 1 |
| αὐτὸ | Accusative · Singular · Neuter | 1 |
| αὐτοῖς | Dative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| αὐτὸς | Nominative · Singular · Masculine | 1 |
| αὐτοὺς | Accusative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| αὐτῶν | Genitive · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to αὐτός by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the genitiveThe Greek genitive covers “of” and “from”: possession, the whole a part belongs to, prepositions and the genitive absolute. Real lines from John and Aesop.
- About the accusativeThe Greek accusative marks the direct object, motion towards after εἰς and πρός, and the subject of an infinitive. Real lines from Homer, Aesop and John.
- About the dativeThe Greek dative marks to whom or for whom, and also by what means and where. Its uses and endings, with real lines from Aesop, John and Homer.
- About the nominativeThe Greek nominative names the subject and the word that renames it after εἰμί. How to spot it, and how the article helps, with lines from John and Aesop.