Latin pronoun and determiner
ille
ille, illa, illud
ille is a Latin pronoun and determiner. In the 9 analysed lines it was read in, it means “that” (2 times), “that man” (2 times), “those” (2 times) and “he” (once).
In the texts
Each line as the reader shows it: every word in its case colour with its meaning underneath, and arcs from ille to the words it goes with.
Repulsus ille veritatis viribus:
Repulsed by the forces of truth:
ille: subject of Repulsus.
Usus ille sole, mox frigida, gustaverat iacens studebatque;
That habit of the sun, soon cold, he had tasted while lying down and was eager;
ille: points out Usus.
di, coeptis (nam vos mutastis et illas) adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen.
Gods, favor my undertakings (for you also changed those things) and from the very beginning of the world lead a continuous song down to my times.
illas: object of mutastis.
Id cum libenter accepissem atque ab eo petere coepissem ne dubitaret ducere, tum ille ‘Faciam,’ inquit, ‘si mihi fidem quam postulo dederis.’
When I had gladly accepted that and had begun to beg it from him that he should not hesitate to lead, then he said, “I will do it, if you give me the trust that I ask for.”
ille: subject of inquit.
…ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto vi superum saevae memorem…
I sing of arms and a man, who first, an exile by fate, came from the shores of Troy to Italy and the Lavinian shores, that man having been tossed much both on lands and on the deep by the force of the gods, on account of the unforgetting wrath of savage Juno.
ille: subject of the passive iactatus.
…mille, deinde centum, dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus, aut ne quis malus invidere possit, cum…
Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred, then another thousand, then a second hundred, then continually another thousand, then a hundred, then, when we have made many thousands, we will mix them up, lest we know, or lest any evil person be able to envy, when he knows there are so many kisses.
illa: object of conturbabimus.
“Pater hercle tuus,” ille inquit, “male dixit mihi.”
“By Hercules, your father,” that man said, “spoke ill to me.”
ille: subject of inquit.
poscit soleas, ascendit locum ex quo maxime miraculum illud conspici poterat.
He demands sandals, he climbs to the place from which that wonder could be seen especially well.
illud: points out miraculum.
Forms
Every form of the word in these texts, with what it is.
| Form | Grammar | Read |
|---|---|---|
| ille | Nominative · Singular · Masculine | 5 |
| illa | Accusative · Plural · Neuter | 1 |
| illas | Accusative · Plural · Feminine | 1 |
| illos | Accusative · Plural · Masculine | 1 |
| illud | Nominative · Singular · Neuter | 1 |
Words it goes with
Joined to ille by an arc in these lines, most often first.
Grammar
- About the nominativeThe Latin nominative names the subject of a verb, and whatever renames the subject after sum. How to spot it, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About the accusativeThe Latin accusative marks the direct object and follows prepositions of motion such as ad and in. Uses and endings, with real lines from Genesis and Eutropius.
- About agreementHow Latin adjectives, pronouns and participles agree with their nouns in case, number and gender, and why that lets them stand apart. With real lines.
- About word orderWhy a Latin adjective can sit far from its noun: the endings carry the grammar, so writers order words for emphasis. Lines from Virgil, Cicero and Horace.